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List of games by mirroring technique


This article categorizes games by their rendering and scrolling methods, and how that relates to mirroring.

Scrolling TypeMirroring – With Status BarMirroring – With Status Bar and Parallax Scrolling EffectMirroring – With Parallax Scrolling EffectMirroring – Without Status Bar and Parallax Scrolling EffectGames exampleComment
1-screen fixed OnlyAnyVertical, Horizontal2Vertical, Horizontal2AnyDonkey Kong
Horizontal OnlyVerticalVertical, Horizontal2Vertical, Horizontal2VerticalCastlevania, Cheetahmen II, Gimmick!, Gradius, Super Mario Bros.
Vertical OnlyVertical, Horizontal, Single Screen, 3-screen V/H3Vertical, Horizontal2, Single Screen2, 3-screen V/D3Horizontal2, Vertical1, Diagonal, 3-screen V/D3, 4-screen4HorizontalGun.Smoke, Ice Climber, ReccaHorizontal mirroring with a status bar works best with as status bar will have to change address when scrolling vertically.

If you are using a parallax scrolling effect on the entire screen with a status bar, such as the Recca, it is best to use a Single Screen, Horizontal, or the Vertical mirroring with a scanline counter IRQ.

Horizontal Only, field limited horizontallyVerticalVerticalVerticalVerticalBomberman, Lode RunnerNo data has to be loaded at all when scrolling horizontally, but the area is limited to two screens.

This screen type, some of parallax scrolling effect does not work.

Vertical Only, field limited verticallyHorizontalHorizontalHorizontalHorizontalNinja Kun, Wrecking CrewNo data has to be loaded at all when scrolling vertically, but the area is limited to two screens (less the status bar if present).
Horizontal/Vertical aligned screensVertical, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 3-screen V/D3, 4-screen4Vertical, Horizontal2, Single Screen2, 3-screen V/D3, 4-screen4Vertical, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 3-screen V/D3, 4-screen4Alternate H/V, L-shaped, Diagonal, 3-screen D3, 4-screen4Air Fortress, Duck Tales, Jackie Chan, Mega Man series, Metroid, TMNTFor use if scrolling direction changes only on a screen-based pattern, as in Metroid and Mega Man 3, 4, 5, 6.

Horizontal mirroring with a status bar works best with as status bar will have to change address when scrolling vertically (Also work as Diagonal mirroring) or playfield will have to be written twice to memory. (Panic Restaurant, TMNT)

If you are using a parallax scrolling effect on the entire screen with a status bar, such as the Recca, it is best to use a Single Screen, Horizontal, or the Vertical mirroring with a scanline counter IRQ.

1-screen switching by the Horizontal/VerticalAlternate H/V, Vertical, DiagonalAlternate H/V, Vertical, DiagonalAlternate H/V, DiagonalAlternate H/V, DiagonalGuardian Legend, Hydlide 3, Legend of ZeldaDepending on the direction of the pattern to scroll in a single screen, it is the best choice for switching the mirroring by the mapper.
Horizontal/Vertical/Bidirectional aligned screensVertical <-> Single Screen2, Horizontal2, Vertical, 4-screen4Vertical <-> Single Screen2, Single Screen2, Horizontal2, Vertical, 4-screen4Vertical1, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 4-screen4Vertical1, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 4-screen4Akumajou Special, Rockman 4 Minus Infinity, TMNT II/IIIHorizontal or 4-screen mirroring with a status bar works best with as status bar will have to change address when scrolling vertically or playfield will have to be written twice to memory. (TMNT III: The Manhattan Project)

Vertical mirroring Only with a status bar works best with a scanline counter IRQ. (TMNT II: The Arcade Game)

If you are using a parallax scrolling effect on the entire screen with a status bar, such as the Recca, it is best to use a Single Screen, Horizontal, or the Vertical mirroring with a scanline counter IRQ.

Bidirectional, field limited verticallyHorizontal2Horizontal2Horizontal2Horizontal2Super Mario Bros. 3, Tiny Toon AdventuresNo data has to be loaded at all when scrolling vertically, but the area is limited to two screens (less the status bar if present).
Bidirectional, field limited horizontallyVerticalVerticalVertical1Vertical1Fire EmblemNo data has to be loaded at all when scrolling horizontally, but the area is limited to two screens.

Vertical mirroring with a status bar works best with a scanline counter IRQ.

This screen type, some of parallax scrolling effect does not work.

Bidirectional, field limited 4-screen4-screen44-screen44-screen44-screen4GauntletNo data has to be loaded at all when scrolling 4-screen, but the area is limited to four screens (less the status bar if present).
Free bidirectionalSingle Screen2, Horizontal2, Vertical, 4-screen4Single Screen2, Horizontal2, Vertical, 4-screen4Vertical1, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 4-screen4Vertical1, Horizontal2, Diagonal, 4-screen4Battletoads, Castlevania II, Hebereke, Kirby's Adventure, countless RPG gamesIf using horizontal or 4-screen mirroring with a status bar there are 2 possibilities:
  1. The status bar will have to change address when scrolling vertically (Conquest of Crystal Palace, Double Dragon series, Gradius II)
  2. The playfield will have to be written twice to memory (Incredible Crash Dummmies, Kirby's Adventure, Little Nemo: The Dream Master), which only works if the status's bar size remains constant.

Vertical mirroring with a status bar works best with a scanline counter IRQ. (Jungle Book, Mickey's Safari in Letterland)

Depth screenVertical, Horizontal, 4-screen4Vertical, Horizontal, 4-screen4Vertical, Horizontal, 4-screen4Vertical, Horizontal, 4-screen4After Burner, F-1 Race, Mach Rider, Rad RacerBidirectional Pseudo 3D depth perspective works best with a CHR bank switching ROM nametables. (After Burner)
  • 1: Vertical glitches on PAL screens and on NTSC that doesn’t overscan.
  • 2: Horizontal glitches will be unavoidable when scrolling (see above).
  • 3: 3-screen mirroring, you can use only specific mapper of MMC5.
  • 4: 4-screen mirroring, and can be used only when you added an additional RAM to the cartridge board.

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